Radio printing telegraph system



F. e. HALL DEN RADIO PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEM June 21, 1932.

Filed April 27, 1928 3.Sheets-Sheet 2 GEE-[E 5w] Hm FREDERICK s. HALLDEN avwmtoz FI III T June 1932- F. e. HALLDEN RADIO PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed April 27, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 FREDERICK ,HALLDEN gywewcoz wmwimuus v Patented June 21, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT orncr.

FREDERICK G. HALLDEN, OF JAMAICA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 POSTAL TELEGRAPH- CAIBLE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT RADIO PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEI I Application filed April 27, 1928. Serial at. 273,186.

My invention relates to printing telegraphy and particularly to five-unit c ode printing telegraph systems which are suitable for use in connection with radio-transmission and reception and in which the accuracy of the printing is not aifected by extraneous interference such as atmospheric electrical discharges. Interference of this nature 1s usu* ally referred to as static; v

The object of my invention is to provide a radio printing telegraph system suitable for the accurate transmission of messages de-' spite unfavorable atmospheric conditions.

I accomplish this object by a novel system of circuits and apparatus for automatically transmitting each letter three times-with -a time interval between each transmimion. At

'the receiving station the printing of the letter is delayed until the letter has been received three times. When the letter has been cor-. rectly received three times it is then printed as a single letter. If the letter is not recelved correctly each time then the letter finally printed will be composed of only the marking units which were received all three times. Suppose, for example, that the letter T in which only the fifth pulse is marking is transmitted and that static interference causes added signals on all three transmissions. If on the three receptions the following combinations of pulses are received whenSrepresents a spacing signal and M represents a marking signal: MSSSM; SSMMIM; MMMMM; then the letter printed will be that corresponding to SSSSM since only the fifth pulse was received all three times. The letter T will therefore be printed correctly.

It is well known that static can only cause marking pulses and the only time a letter might be printed incorrectly inthe'arrangement just described would be when the static interference occurred on all three transmissions of the same letter and furthermore it would have to interfere with the same pulse each time and only the spacing pulses would be subject to interference.

On the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification:

Fig. 1 shows the order in which the letters are sent from the radio transmitter. In this illustration the alphabet is shown as being transmitted.

Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of the transmitting circuits.

Fig. 3 is a schematic drawing of the receiving circuits. i

Referring to Fig. 1, Line (1) shows the sequence of the letters through the tape transmitter. Line (2) shows the radio transmission of the letters. It will be noted that each' letter is transmitted three times. Line (3) shows the letters printed by the receiving printer. The index numeral over each letter on line (2) indicates whether it is the first, second or third transmission for that partic ular letter. Consider the letter A for example, on line (2). Between eachof the transmissions of this letter there is a time interval corresponding to the time required to transmit seven other letters. The actual time interval between each of the three transmissions ofthe letter will depend upon the transmit- Y ting speed and this time interval will amount to perhaps one second. v It will be apparent from the foregoing that a static crash would have to cover a period of at least two seconds to interfere with all three transmissions of a given letter. Obviously this method. of radio transmission will be practically immune to static interference.

I will now proceed to describe in detail In invention, used in connection with a five-umt code printing telegraph system. I In Figs. 2 and 3 I have not considered itnecessary to show the circuits of the radio transmitting and receiving equipment as such equipment forms no part of my invention and furthermore is well known in the art.

Referring now to Fig. 2. To simplify. the

description this figure shows only'the 5th pulse circuits, but it is obvious that the 1st,

2nd, 3rd and 4th.pulse circuits will be similar to that of the 5th. The tape transmitter is similar to the type used in connection with multiplex printing telegraphy and since it is well known in the art it need not be further described here. In the description of my invention the brushes 5 are considered as 1 moving in the direction indicated by the arrow and making contact with the face plate segments of the rotary distributor of which 4 is a developed view. In'this, as in all synchronous printing telegraph systems, thebrushes must be driven at a very constant speed. The various methods of accomplishing this are well known and need not be described here.

Assume, for example, that a perforated tape has been prepared by means of a keyboard perforator of the type commonly used in printing telegraphy and that this perfo rated tape is placed in position in the tape transmitter 1 and that the perforations corresponding to the letter T, in which the first four pulses are spacing and the fifth is marking, are directly over the feeler pins.

In accordance with the invention a three channel multiplex distributor, generally designated X, is employed at the transmitting and receiving station. For convenience in description developed views of the face plate segments of the distributors have been illus trated. For instance, each distributor includes sector segments as 46, 47 and 48 each being for one channel, and common to each of the latter is a group or set of five selecting segments designated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth pulses respectively sent from the tape transmitter 1. Interposed between respective channels is a pair of contiguous sixth pulse segments as 18 for segments 48 and 47; 17 for segments '47 and 46; and 10 for segments 46 and 48.

Segment 48 and the associated group ofselecting segments comprise the first channel;

' segment 47 and the associated selecting segments comprise the second channel; and segments 46 and related selecting segments comprise the third channel. In actual practice, segments 46, 47 and 48 may constitute a solid ring. The interposed sixth pulse se cuts are disclosed in the manner illustrate merely to clarify the time relation of each sixth pulse segment with its respective channel, whereas in actual practice they are on separate rings, so arranged as to retain the proper time relation.

Assume, for example, that the single letter T is transmitted, and that upon this transmission tongue 6 of transmitter 1 is closed.

Thus battery is extended from common con- I ductors 42 and 41, closed contact 6, through conductor 50, left-hand winding ofthe storage and transfer relay D to the fifth pulse segment of the third channel sector 46. As brush 5', which moves in the direction of the arrow, traverses over the selecting segments of the first sector, nothing will occur until the brush completes a circuit from positive battery through conductor 63, brush 5, sixth pulse segment 18, conductor 68, through winding 69 of transfer control relay C to ground, to energize relay 0. Energization of this relay at this time, however, accomplishes nothing, as none of the storage and transfer relays in the group D to M are operated. As the brush progresses through the segments of the second channel it will similarly cause operation of relay B, through sixth pulse segment 17 now connected to battery through rotating brush 5', and conductor 64. As in the case of relay C, nothing occurs on this operation of relay B for no storage and transfer relays of the group from D to M is operated at this time.

As the brush 5 advances to the third channel and passes over segment 46 and its associated selecting fifth pulse segment 7, a circuit will be established from battery 40, conductor 41, conductor 42, contact and armature 6 of transmitter 1, conductor 50, lefthand winding of relay D, conductor 49, selecting segment 7, brush 5', segment 46, conductor 45, winding 44 of relay 8, thereby operatin both relay 8 and relay D during the time t at brush 5' engages both segment 46 and selecting segment 7.

Closure of contact 51 of relay 8 causes transmission of an impulse at this moment, through the radio transmitter. Immediately upon the brush 5' leaving selecting segment 7, relay 8 will release contact 51 by means of retractiIe spring 51A. Relay D upon operating will lock up from ground at 52, winding 53, make contact 9, conductor 54, contacts 11 and 12 of transfer control relay A, conductors 55 and 41 to battery 40.

As brush 5 continues in motion it will extend battery 40 to segment 10 and conductor 58 to winding 57 of relay A to ground at 56,

energizing relay A. In shunt with this winding is the winding of stepping magnet 3 of transmitter 1, which also operates at this time and advances the tape (not shown) to the next position. When relay A operates, the armature thereof makes with contact 11 and consequently battery will be extended from conductors 41 and 55 through contacts 12 and 11, closed contact 14 of relay D and lefthand winding of relay E to ground, operating storage and-transfer relay E which locks up through its right-hand winding and make contact 16 to battery 40 through the make before break contacts 60 and 61 of transfer control relay B;

Because armature of relay A is designed to make with contact 11 before contact 12 breaks, it will be apparent that for a brief interval upon the operation of relay A, a circuit is. established over closed contact 14 for energization of relay E, but subsequently armature As brush advances it will again engage the first channel sixth pulse segment 18 and operate transfer control relay C as previously described but this relay is still without effect at the present time. Continuing to progress, brush 5 reaches segment 17 causing transfer control relay B to operate as previously disclosed, and in operating will extend battery through the make before break contacts 60 and 61 and the associated armature and through closed contact 15 of relay E which has remained locked up and accordingly lefthand winding 67 of relay F is energized and this relay also looks up at this time through its right-hand winding 72, make contact.71 to battery through the contacts 73 and 74 of relay C and conductors and 41. Further continuing to advance brush 5 reaches the selecting fifth pulse segment 7 of the third channel, but at this time no circuit will be established through the left-hand winding of the transfer control relay D as tongue 6 ofthe transmitter will have disengaged with the associated operating contact after the tape has stepped forward on the preceding revolution.

When brush 5' reaches sixth pulse segment 10, control relay. A will again operate in the manner as before described, but as relay F only is locked at this time, the operation of 'relav A is without any effect. 'However. as

brush 5 starts its third revolution and reaches the sixth pulse segment 18 of the first channel, relay C operates. advancing the stored impulse from relay F to relay G and also releasing at this time relav F. This operation is similar to that described for preceding storage and transfer relays but it should be noted that relay locks up through a circuit established through grounded winding 77 closed contact 79. conductors 80 and 54, contacts 11 and 12 of'rel'ay A. conductors 55 and 41, connected to battery 40.

Brush 5' continuing to advance through the second channel segments will operate transfer control relay B which has no effect I at. this time but the brush 5 upon reaching the sixth pulse segment 10 of the third channel, will cause operation of relay A and consequently causingthe transfer of the stored. impulse from relay G to relay H in the manner as previously disclosed and at this time relay G will release. Relay I-I now locks up through its righhhand winding and closed contact 81. conductors 82. 83, 84, and closed contacts and 61 of relay B. conductors 55 and 41 to battery 40.

As the brush 5 now traverses segment 48 of the first channel for the fourth revolution. it will again operate relay C upon reaching the sixth pulse segment 18 but this operation is without any effect. As the brush advances to the fifth pulse selecting segment 19 of the second channel, a circuit is extended from ground 43, winding 44 of relay 8, conductor 60 and 61 of relay B and conductors, 55, -41,

connected to battery 40. When brush 5' reaches sixth pulse segment 17, transfer control relay B is again operated and in operating, transfers the stored signal from relay I to relay J and subsequently both the relays H and I release, as their locking circuit becomes broken when contact 60 opens. Relay J is locked up through the right-hand grounded winding 89, closed contact 90, conductors 91, 92, contacts 73 and 74 of relay C, conductors 55, 41 in circuit with battery 40.

If we now continue the operation, causing the transfer control relays A, B and C to function in the sequence previously described, it will be apparent that the impulse is progressively transferred from relay J to relays K, L and M, the locking circuit for relay K being from the grounded winding 93, closed contact 94, conductors 95, and 54, contacts 11 and 12 of relay A, conductors 55 and 41 connected to battery 40. Also the locking circuit for relay L may be traced from grounded winding 96, closed contact 97, conductors 82, 83, and 84, contacts 60 and 61 of relay B, conductors 55 and 41 connected to battery 40. At the beginning of the seventh revolution of brush 5' relay M will be locked up through the circuit comprising grounded winding 98. closedcontact 100, conductors 101, 91 and 92, closed contacts 73 and 74'of relay C, conductors 55 and 41 connected to battery 40. and, it will also be noted that-when the pulse is stored in relay M, contact 99 thereof is closed. Consequently, a circuit is established when the brush 5' reaches segment 20 of the first channel, to energize relay 8 for the transmission of the second repetition of the signal. also constituting a third transmission over the radio transmitter. This circuit may be traced from battery 40, conductors 41 and 55. 85, closed contact 99, conductor 102. fifth pulse segment 20, brush 5'. segment 48. conductor 45, winding 44 and ground.

When brush 5' reaches the segment 18 of the first channel, relay C will again operate and open the locking circuit for relay M pre- 2 viously traced, which will de-energize the locking winding 98, consequently restoring this relay. In this descriptiononly a single letter T has been considered as transmitted, although it should be understood that the fifth pulse could again have been utilized immediately after the original transmission,

in which case this impulse would be progressive'ly stored and transferred and would follow directly behind the pulse we have just described. In this way it is possible to transmit any desired combination of impulses in a predetermined order three consecutive times, whereby each transmission is separated by a definite time interval.

If we now consider the receiving circuits, there is provided a transfer and storage relay group Q-Z similar to that for the trans mitting circuits through which impulses are progressively advanced by the transfer control relays N, O and P in a manner similar to relays A, B and C for group of relays A-M. If we now assume that the receiving distributor is to be operated at the same speed as the transmittin distributor and to be held in synchronism t erewith by any of the several well known methods of correcting from line signals well understood in the telegraph art, for purposes of description, we may consider brush 31 on the first revolution as having reached the fifth pulse segment 32 of the third channel of transmission. At this moment, an impulse will be received over the radio circuit in response to that transmitted for the first transmission of the signal for the letter T which will cause the operation of the receiving relay 21 and consequently close contact 107 momentarily.

Accordingly, a circuit is now established for storing the pulse in transfer and storage relay Q. This circuit comprises a battery 103, conductor 104, closed contact 107, conductor 105, brush 31, fifth pulse segment 32, lefthand Windin of relay Q, and ground, and hence relay (3 is operated. This relay will lock through it's right-hand winding to battery at the make before break contacts of the transfer control relay N.

Continuing to advance, brush 31 reaches sixth pulse segment 22 and relay N operates to transfer the stored impulse from relay Q to relay R, also at this time releasing relay Q. During the next two revolutions of the brush 31, this impulse will be progressively stored and transferred through relays S, T, N and U. At the beginning of the fourth revolution therefore, we find relay U operated as the brush advances over the second channel, and'while on the fifth pulse segment 25, relay V is operated and a circuit is completed from batte 103, conductor 104, closed contact 107, conductor 105, brush 31, segment 25, make contact of relay U, lefthand winding of relay V and ground energizing' relay V, provided the receiving relay 21 is operated at this moment. This 1s actually the case, for at this time the receiving relay will respond to the second transmission of the signal which was transmitted at this time as previously described.

The stored impulse is transferred to relays W, X, Y and Z during the succeeding two revolutions of the distributor brush 31 and therefore upon the beginning of the seventh revolution, we find relay Z locked up, and its left-hand contact extending a circuit from fifth pulse segment 26 to the selecting magnet 27 of the printer or permutation device, generally designated 28. As brush 31 reaches segment 26, the third transmitted impulse causes the operation of the receiving relay 21 thereby extending battery throu h the left-hand closed contact of relay Z to t e selecting magnet 27 causing the latter to operate. It will be understood that the printer or permutation device 28 is a standard five unit code printer and that operation of selecting magnet 27 will cause the positioning code bars (not shown) associated therewith to permit the selection of the letter T in the printer.

As thebrush reaches sixth (pulse segment A 24, two circuits are establishe namely, one to operate the transfer control relay P and another to operate the six-pulse or trip magnet 29 of the permutation device. Operation of relay P'restores relay Z and the operation of magnet 29 causes the printer to print the selected character which in this case-is the letter T. It should be noted that had the receiving relay 21 not been energized at the moment that the brush 31 passed over segment 32, relay Q could not have operated, and therefore none of the succeeding relays would have operated. Similarly, had relay 21 not responded to a receiving impulse at the moment brush 31 engaged segment 25, relay V could not have operated and therefore relays \V, X, Y or Z could not be operated. Obviously also receiving relay 21 must be operated at the moment brush 31 engages segment 26 at the time when relay Z is operated to permit selecting magnet 27 to function.

' It is apparent, therefore, that the receiving printer selecting magnets as 27 will not respond except where the impulse is received from relay 21 at the exact moment that the brush 31 first engages the selecting segment of the third channel sector of the receiving distributor; again responds to receive an ,impulse three revolutions later at the exact moment that the brush 31 rests on a corresponding segment of the second channel; and then again three revolutions later when brush 31 engages a, corresponding segment of the first channel of transmission.

It will be apparent from the foregoing de scription of the receiving circuits that each of the pulses of the desired letter must be received three times and that occasional extra pulses due to static will not affect the accuracy of the printed message.

In theembodiment of the invention described herein a five-unit code printing telegraph system is shown, but it should be understood that its application is not limited to the five unit code, and that it may be used in connection with the six unit code and other codes of the same type.

It should be understood that the scope of my invention is not limited to transmitting each letter exactly three times, but includes the idea of transmitting each letter a plurality of times.

The above disclosure has been given by way of example for clearness and understanding only. Hence, no unnecessary limitations should be understood, and the appended claims should be construed as broadly as the state of the art permits.

I claim:

1. In combination with transmitting and receiving means each including a multi-channel distributor having sets of segments, printing means in circuit with said receiving means, a group of storage and transfer relays common to each distributor, control means co-operating with said transfer and storage relays for progressively transferring an 1mpulse as transmitted and received to the storage relays of said groups to prepare for operation a portion of said printing means, and means for operating said portion.

2. The combination defined in the previous claim in which said sets comprise a plurality of segments and corresponding segments of said channels being common to a group of storage relays.

3. In combination, impulse receiving means, impulse storage means comprising a group of relays, control means cooperating with said storage means for transferring the impulse as received to each relay of said storage means in succession.

4. In combination, receiving means, a permutation device in circuit with said receiving means, impulse storage means comprising a group of relays, and control means cooperating with said storage means for transferring the impulses received to each relay of said storage means in succession, said permutation device being prepared for operation at the conclusion of the operation of the relays of said storage means, and means for operating said permutation device;

5. In combination, receiving means including a multi-channel distributor, a plurality of storage relays common to said distributor and impulse transfer means for rendering responsive in the order of operation successive storage relays of said plurality.

6. In combination with transmitting and receiving means each including a distributor having channels of transmission, a group of storage and transfer relays common to each distributor, control relays associated with said channels for transferring the impulse as transmitted and received to the relays of said groups and a permutation device rendered effective only after the several relays of each group have operated.

7. In combination with transmitting and receiving means, distributing means for said transmitting and receiving means having channels of transmission, recording means in circuit with said-receiving means, a group of storage'and transfer relays for each distributing means, and a control relay for each channel to transfer consecutively the impulse as transmitted and received to the storage relays ofsaid groupsv and prepare said recording means for operation.

8. In combination with transmitting and receiving means each including distributing means having sets of segments comprising channels of transmission for the impulses transmitted and received, printing means in circuit with said receiving means, a group of storage and transfer relays operatively associated with each distributing means and common to corresponding segments of said channels, a control relay for each channel to transfer consecutively the impulses as trans-.

mitted to the storage relays of said groups, the operation of said printing means, being dependent upon the operation of all of said storage and transfer relays common to said corresponding segments ofsaid channels.

9. In combination with transmitting and receiving means each including distributing means having sets of segments comprising channels of transmission for the impulse transmitted and received, a permutation device in circuit with said receiving means, a group of transfer and storage relays common to each distributor, a transfer control relay for each channel for transferring the impulses transmitted and received consecutively to'the relays of said groups to render effective said permutation device provided each relay of said groups associated with corresponding segments ofsaid channels has beenv operated.

10. In combination, means for transmitting each signal for the same character a plurality of times and separate each signal transmission by a definite time interval, distributing means co-operatively associated with said transmitting means, a plurality of storage and transfer relays common to said distributing means, a plurality of control relays operable to transfer the signals to suc cessive storage relays of said plurality, receiving means including impulse storage and transfer control means for receiving and transferring said signals, and means in circuit with said receiving means for recording the signals received on the plurality of re-' ceptions as asingle character.

11. In combination, transmitting and receiving means each including control relays, and a group of storage and transfer relays, and means in circuit with said receiving means operable only provided each relay of plurality both of said groups of storage relays have operated in succession.

12. In combination, transmitting and'receiving means each including control relays, and a group of storage and transfer relays, and a permutation device in circuit with said receiving means operable only provided each relay of both of said groups of storage relays have operated in succession.

13. The combination as defined in the previous claim wherein the operation of the storage relays of said groups is dependent upon a plurality of transmissions for the same character, said permutation device being adapted to record into a single char acter, the signals received on said plurality of transmissions.

14. In a system of the class described comprising, in combination. means for transmit ting each signal for the same character a plurality of times and separating each transmission by a definite time interval, distributing means co-operatively associated with said transmitting means, a plurality of storage relays common to said distributing means, a plurality of control relays operable to transfer the signal transmitted to the storage relays in succession, impulse translating means, receiving means comprising impulse storing and controlling means co-operative'ly associated with said translating means to store and transfer the impulses on the plurality of receptions for the same character and render effective said translating means and record as a single character the impulses received on the plurality of receptions for the same character.

15. In a system of the class described comprising, in combination. means for transmitting each signal for the same character a plurality of times and separating each signal by a definite time interval. distributing means electrically associated with said transmitting means. aplurality of storage relays common to said distributing means. a plurality of control relays operable to transfer the signals to the storage relays of said plurality in succession, receiving means. and a translating device in circuit with said receiving means for combining said signals received on the of transmissions into a single character.

16. In combination, transmitting means, a distributor having channels of transmission, impulse storing means comprising a group of relays, a control relay for each channel of transmission for progressively transferring an impulse as transmitted to the relays of said group in succession, other transmitting means co-operating with said distributor to receive and transmit the impulses from said storing means, and receiving means comprising a group of storage and transfer control relays and a permutation device operable only when thedrelays of both of said groups have operate 17. In combination, transmitting means, a distributor having channels of transmission impulse storing means including a. group of relays associated with said transmitting means, control relays for said channels, other transmitting means, and receiving means comprising a line relay, a distributor having channels of impulse reception and a group of communication for the receiving distributor.

19. In combination, telegraph transmitting means, a distributor having channels of transmission, a group of impulse storage and transfer relays common to said distributor, other transmitting means, a transfer control relay associated with each channel for transferring an impulse from said firstmentioned transmitting means to operate a predetermined order of relays of said group in succession and render effective said other transmitting means, and receiving means comprising a permutation device operable only when all relays of said group have operated and when said other transmitting means has operated a predetermined number of times. i

20. In combination, impulse transmitting means, distributing means including channels of transmission, a group of impulse storage and transfer relays common to said distributing means, control means for each channel and in circuit with said distributing, means to transfer an impulse from one of said relays rendered effective by the operation of said transmitting means tothe remaining relays of said group in succession.

FREDERICK G. HALLDEN. 

